暗发酵-光发酵两阶段联合生物制氢技术研究进展

The advances in bio-hydrogen production by two steps of dark and photo-fermentation

随着能源紧缺的日益加剧,以及化石燃料燃烧引起的环境问题逐渐突显,氢能作为一种清洁可再生能源越来越受到青睐。生物制氢与热化学及电化学制氢相比其反应条件温和、低耗、绿色,是一项非常有应用前景的技术。生物制氢从广义上可以分为暗发酵和光发酵产氢两种,其中暗发酵微生物可以利用有机废弃物产生氢气以及有机酸等副产物,光合细菌在光照和固氮酶的作用下可以将暗发酵产生的有机酸继续用于产氢,因此两种发酵产氢方式相结合可以提高有机废物的资源化效率。将近年来暗发酵-光发酵两阶段生物制氢技术进行整理分析,从其产氢机理、主要影响因素、暗发酵-光发酵产氢结合方式(两步法、混合培养产氢)几个方面进行阐述,最后指出该技术面临的挑战。

With the increasing of energy shortage and environmental problems caused by burning fossil fuels, hydrogen, as a clean and renewable energy has gained special attention. Compared with thermochemical and electrochemical hydrogen production, bio-hydrogen pro- duction has a lot of advantages, such as ambient reaction conditions, low consumption and environmentally friendly. Therefore, it was considered as a promising technology.Bio-hydrogen production usually undergoes two stages, i.e., dark fermentation and light fer- mentation. In dark fermentative stage, waste organic materials can be converted to hydrogen by bacteria, and leave some by-products, such as organic acids. The photosynthetic bacteria can decompose organic acids and release hydrogen by using light energy and nitrogenase in a photo fermentation process. Thus, combining these two kinds of hydrogen production methods can improve the utilization rate of waste organic material. This review is based on the devel- opment of dark and photo two-stage fermentation in recent years. It was elaborated mainly from the following aspects： mechanism of two-stage hydrogen production, main influence factors, kinds of two steps bio-hydrogen production （sequential dark and photo-fermentation ＆ combined dark and photo-fermentation）, and the facing challenges.