交替隔沟灌溉对玉米耗水规律及其产量的影响

Influence on Water Consumption Law and Maize Yield by Alternative Furrow Irrigation

针对黑龙江西部风沙土区多风少雨,春旱严重,粮食产量及作物水分利用效率低等实际问题,于2009年在黑龙江省杜蒙县进行了交替隔沟灌溉条件下的玉米耗水规律及其产量的试验研究,为当地节水农业的发展提供必要的理论与技术支撑。试验表明,玉米整个生育期内拔节—抽雄期耗水量最大,日耗水量在抽雄—灌浆期最大。交替隔沟灌溉在适宜的灌水量水平下,产量增加显著。本试验中产量最高时,生育期灌水定额分别为苗期325 m3/hm2、拔节期300 m3/hm2、灌浆期400 m3/hm2。各生育期耗水量分别为播种—苗期38.92 mm、苗期—拔节91.14 mm、拔节—抽穗100.00 mm、抽穗—灌浆65.49 mm、灌浆—乳熟53.28 mm、乳熟—收获33.35 mm。

In light of the frequent windy days, less rainfall and severe spring drought, and low grain yield and low usage for crop water in western sandy area of Heilongjiang Province, in order to solve these problems, alternative furrow irrigation experiment was conducted in Dumeng County of Heilongjiang Province. The purpose of this experiment is to find the water consumption law and the influence on yield. The results showed that the highest water consumption was during the jointing-tasseling stage and the highest daily water consumption was during the tasseling-grouting stage. The yield will increase significantly at the appropriate irrigation level of alternative furrow irrigation. When the highest yield is obtained, the irrigation quotas are as follows ：the irrigation quota was 325m3/hm2 at the seedling stage 325 m3/hm2 ,300m3/hm2 at the jointing stage,400 m3/hm2 at the grouting stage. Water consumption during each growth period was 38.92mm at the stage of sowing-seedling, 91.14m at the stage of seedlingojointing, 100.00 mm at the stage of jointing-tasseling, 65.49mm at the stage of tasseling-grouting, 53.28 mm at the stage of grouting-milky maturity and 33.35mm at the stage of milky maturity-harvesting.