中国古代纺专研究考辨

A study on the spindle in Ancient China

基于最新的考古发现和相关的民俗学研究,对中国古代纺专的构成、操作、定名与轮制工具的相关性、起源、形制变迁、研究意义进行考辨和假设,并进行了全面地概括和总结。研究认为:纺轮、纺坠作为纺纱工具时应定名为"纺专"为妥。纺专起源于史前人类在投石索和弹弓使用过程中不经意的牵伸和加捻的认识,并随着社会需要而最终发明出来,随着时代的变迁,拈杆沿着直状到钩状,纺轮沿着大形的圆饼形、馒头形、圆台形、算珠形、滑轮形、纵断面呈凸字形向小型的圆饼形、圆台形趋势发展。

Based on the latest findings of archaeology and related researches on folk customs, this study investigates, supposes and comprehensively summarizes the composition, operation, name definition as well as the relativity, origin, shape changes and research significance of wheel-shape tools. According to researches, it is deemed that spinning wheel and spinning should be named as spindle when they are used for tools of spinning. The spindle derives from people＇s casual cognition of extension and drafting in the process of using sling and slingshot. Besides, based on social requirements, people invent spindle. With the evolution of the society, the shape of the rods changes into hook from straight type, while spinning wheels develops to small cake-type ones and round platform-type ones from large cake type, steamed bread type, round platform type, abacus-bead type, pulley type and protruding type of longitudinal profile.