边坡植被的护坡效应探讨

Slope Protection by Slope Vegetation

边坡植被借助根系使边坡土体成为土与根的复合材料,从而明显提高了边坡土体的抗剪强度和安全稳定性,具有稳定土壤结构,提高土壤抗冲性,防治土壤侵蚀的作用;并且边坡植被地上部分的树冠、茎叶和枯枝落叶具有截留降雨和减弱高速落下的雨滴对边坡溅蚀的功能。但由于岩土介质的多变性和边坡植被受力的复杂性,目前的研究仍然停留在定性分析上。通过对边坡植被固土的力学相互作用和护坡效应的研究,探讨了边坡植被摩擦型根系和锚固型根系对边坡岩土体的力学作用机理,分析了边坡植被改善土壤环境,提高边坡的抗冲性,截留降雨,减弱雨滴溅蚀的效应。

With the help of plant roots, the slope vegetation makes the slope soil mass a composite material of soil and roots, therefore, significantly enhances the shear strength of the slope soil mass and the stability of the slope. Meanwhile, the plant roots within the soil also have the functions of stabilizing the soil structure, enhancing the soil mass impact resistance and preventing the soil erosion. Moreover, the tree crown, the stem leaf and the fallen leaf over the slope vegetation are helpful in intercepting the rainfall and reducing the erosion that the high-speed rain drop may cause on the slope. However, due to the complexity of the force condition of the plant roots and the volatility of the rock and soil medium, the correlative studies remain as qualitative analysis. The interaction and the mechanical action of the slope vegetation and the soil strengthening are studied, to reveal the effects of the frictional roots and anchorage roots on the slope rock and soil. The roles of the slope vegetation in the soil environment optimization, the enhancement of the slope impact resistance, the rainfall interception, and the reduction of the raindrop erosion are analyzed.