技术技能结构、人力资本构成与中国地区经济差距

Skill Contents of Technology,Human Capital Composition and China's Regional Economic Disparity

技术技能结构与人力资本构成之间的互补关系,是经济增长的决定因素之一。文章通过一个简单的三要素模型分析认为,由于世界前沿技术进步偏向于高技能劳动,发展中国家在技术模仿的过程中只有选择符合其人力资本构成的技术结构,才能够促进经济长期增长;反之,实际的技术选择偏离其最优值越远,经济增长速度越慢。在理论分析的基础上,文章构建了一个测度技术选择与人力资本构成匹配程度的技术偏向指标,并基于1990～2007年中国29个省份的面板数据验证了技术偏向对地区经济增长的影响。回归估计结果表明,地区技术技能结构与其人力资本构成越匹配,地区经济增长速度越快。

The complementarity between skill contents of technology and human capital composition is essential for economic growth.We build a growth model with three factors to show that as the world technology frontier has been biased towards skilled labor,it is necessary for developing countries that are pursuing economic growth to adapt their technological bias to their human capital compositions in the process of technology imitation.Otherwise,the farther the actual technology choice deviates from its optimal value,the slower the economy grows.Based upon theoretical analysis and a sample of China's data of 29 provinces from 1990-2007,we construct an index of technology bias to measure the extent to which technology choice is matched with human capital composition.Our results support the effect of our index on regional economic growth.