血液病患者输血前焦虑状况及影响因素

The anxiety Of blood disease patients before blood transfusion and its influencing factors

目的探讨血液病患者输血前焦虑的发生情况及影响因素，并给予针对性的护理。方法选择血液病需输血患者99例，采用一般情况调查问卷、Zung氏焦虑自评量表（SAS）和焦虑原因调查问卷，在血液病患者输血前进行调查；将调查后有焦虑的患者随机分为宣教组和未宣教组，宣教组给予输血相应的健康宣教，未宣教组不进行相关内容宣教，比较两组患者首次输血与宣教后再次输血前SAS评分。结果99例患者中有31例出现输血前焦虑情绪，不同家庭月经济收入及是否为初次输血的患者输血前焦虑不同，差异有统计学意义（t分别为3．70，3．73；P〈0．01）；首次输血前两组患者SAS评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），再次输血前宣教组患者SAS评分为（37．7±6．1）分，明显低于未宣教组的（53．1±6．2）分，差异有统计学意义（t=-7．00，P〈0．01）。结论血液病输血患者焦虑的影响因素为家庭经济收入、是否为首次输血及健康教育，对焦虑患者进行健康宣教及心理护理，可以降低患者的焦虑水平，提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To study the influencing factors and nursing strategies of anxiety conditions of patients before blood transfusion. Methods 99 patients needing blood transfusion were randomly selected from the emergency department of our hospital. Questionnaire surveys of general condition, Zung＇ s self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） and reasons of anxiety were applied to the patients before blood transfusion. Patients shown anxiety after survey were randomly divided into health education group and non-education group. The health education group was given propaganda and education before the second blood transfusion whereas non-education group was not given the blood transfusion education. SAS scores of both groups were compared for the blood transfusions before and after education. Results Among 99 cases, 31 patients had anxiety before blood transfusions. Theanxiety is significantly associated with family monthly income and whether it was the first time of blood transfusion（t =3.70,3.52,respeetively;P 〈 0.01 ）. It was not associated with age, sex, education level and occupation. The SAS scores of patients received health educations was lower than the patients was not received health educations significantly [ （53.1 ±6.2） vs （37.7 ±6.1 ） ;t = -7.00,P 〈0.01 ） 1. Conclusions Factors such as monthly income of the family, whether it＇ s the first blood transfusion and healthy education affect the anxiety of patients. The health education and psychological care can reduce the patients＇ anxiety level and improve the quality of life, especial for patients with the blood transfusion anxiety.