医学研究生急救技能调查及培训效果评价

Theoretical knowledge and skills of first aid among medical postgraduates and effects of training

目的了解医学研究生对急救技能的掌握情况，并探讨对医学研究生进行急救技能培训的有效途径。方法对458名医学研究生进行急救技能培训。理论培训21学时，1次倜，3学时肷。4项技术（徒手心肺复苏、止血、包扎、固定与搬运）操作培训历时7d。培训前、后的考核情况进行对比分析。结果458名医学研究生接受培训前、后急救技能理论知识考核。培训前胸外心脏按压频率、胸外心脏按压深度、心脏按压与通气比例、电除颤能量选择等急救技能理论知识合格率分别为75．8％、53．1％、62．4％、和22．6％，平均合格率为45．3％。培训后理论考核各项成绩分别为99．3％、93．0％、94．1％、及98．5％，平均合格率为95．3％，均显著高于培训前（均P〈0．01）。423人完成培训前、后急救技能操作考核。培训前徒手心肺复苏、止血、包扎、脊柱外伤固定与搬运4项技术的合格率分别为61．9％、55．1％、22．9％、和13．2％，平均27．3％；培训后分别显著提高到96．2％、97．4％、89．4％、及70．4％，平均为91．3％（均P〈0．01）。结论医学研究生急救知识与技能掌握状况不佳，开设急救技能培训课程，能较好提高医学研究生的急救技能水平。

Objective To investigate the current situation of theoretical knowledge and skills of first aid among medical postgraduates and the effects of training. Methods 458 medical postgraduates underwent examination of the theoretical knowledge and skills of first aid. Theoretical study was conducted once a week for 3 class hours, 21 class hours in total. Operation training, including the skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by hand, hemostatic techniques, wound bandaging, and fixation and transportation, lasted 7 days. After the training the postgraduates were re-examined. Results All the 458 postgraduates finished their theoretical study and examination. The qualification rates of theories on CPR frequency, depth of chest cardiac massage, proportion of cardiac massage to ventilation, and choice of energy of electric defibrillation among the 458 postgraduates were 75.8%,53.1%, 62.4%, and 22.6% respectively, with an average of 45.3%; and the corresponding post-training qualification rates were increased to 99.3%, 93.0%, 94.1%, and 98.5% respectively with an average of 95.3%, all significantly higher than those before training （all P〈0.05）. 423 of the 458 students received the pre- and post-training assessment on first aid skills. The qualification rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by hand, hemostatic techniques, wound bandaging, and fixation and transportation of the 423 students 61.9%, 55.1%, 22.9%, and 13.2% respectively with an average of 27.3% before the training, and were increased to 96.2%, 97.4%, 89.4%, and 70.4% respectively with an average of 91.3% after training, all significantly higher than those before training （all P〈0.01）. Conclusion The medical postgraduates lack knowledge and skills of first aid. Training course is effective to help the postgraduates master such knowledge and skills.