旧邦新命与为学做人——读《冯友兰学术自传》之断想与评析

Olds' New Missions and Learning as Being:FENG Youlan's Academic Autobiographyand its Impressions

冯友兰哲学横跨中国20世纪学坛,既有成就与开拓,但也有失败与教训。二者皆系于特定时代、特定环境中之"为学与做人"。冯氏之为学做人,是一层次极高、极玄妙而又复杂的二重现象,或曰:"冯友兰现象",亦曰:20世纪中国士人沧桑灵魂史。本文罗列其中最显眼之六种现象,分别加以评析,见其是非、功过。需要沉重反思的是:中国文化传统的巅峰是宋明理学。而清代反宋,现当代西化,完全中断了文化传统。冯友兰哲学依仗实用主义与新实在论(台港依仗西方近世认识论,大陆依仗流行教条与时髦),均缺民族文化精神之底蕴与生命元气。我们应该接上宋明儒的大气象,重开新风。基于此,必须重提中华民族之文化使命:为天地立心,为生民立命,为往圣继绝学,为万世开太平,我们目下的时代担当是:继绝学——开太平。

FENG Youlan’s philosophy in China’s academics experienced achievements and innovations as well as failures and mistakes due to its specific time and space for the philosophy of ＂learning and being＂.FENG’s learning and being,a high-level sophisticated dual phenomenon called the FENG Youlan Phenomenon： a 20th century Chinese personality’s ups and downs.This article,with the six phenomena and their analysis for rights and wrongs,helps to rethink of China’s cultural tradition with the peak called the Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties.The Qing dynasty saw the opposites,while the present is for westernization,a seperation from cultural tradition.FENG Youlan’s philosophy,based on pragmatism or neorealism（Taiwan goes for westernized epistemology while the mainland goes for dogmatism with fashions）,lacking a national cultural morale for foundation and spiritual vigor.What can be done is to follow the Song and the Ming Confucian philosophy for new development of China’s national cultural mission： For what is noble is the heart and for humanitiy is the body,for the past is the supreme learning and for futurity is peace（ZHANG Zai）.What is to be done now is the continuity of supreme learning and the development of universal peace.