基于突变理论的企业员工反生产行为研究

Research on Staff Counterproductive Work Behaviors Based on Catastrophe Theory

员工反生产行为已经成为影响企业绩效、阻碍企业发展的关键因素之一。在分析反生产行为各影响因素的基础上,结合经典的员工反生产行为形成机制模型,从突变理论的全新视角,在考虑人的心理随机扰动前提下构建员工反生产行为随机尖点突变模型。运用突变模型解释员工心理行为在个体情绪和情境压力作用下的变化过程,并基于随机突变理论和统计学方法对模型进行验证,最后基于模型的数理分析提出员工反生产行为的避免机制和控制策略。研究结果表明,突变模型对员工反生产行为的解释优于传统的线性模型和非线性模型;完善的组织制度和员工关怀是有效的反生产行为避免机制,在控制负面行为危害上,心理疏导要比改善组织情境更有效率;在同样的情境压力下,心理状态的差异会造成截然不同的员工行为,企业能通过调节心理阈值点明显降低极端反生产行为出现的概率;员工心理感知的恢复具有滞后性,企业要在基本应急补救措施上进行更多的努力。

The problem of staff counterproductive work behaviors （ CWB ） has become one of the key factors that influences the enterprise＇s performance, and hinders its development. Under considering personal psychological random disturbance, this article constructed the cusp catastrophe model of staff CWB from the new perspective of catastrophe theory. The model reasonably explained staff psychological behaviors＇ process, under the twu kinds of dependent variables： personal emotion and situational pressure. The article then verified the proposed model with the catastrophe theory and statistics method. In the end, it put forward avoidance mechanism and control strategy of Staff CWB, based on catastrophe model mathematical analysis. In conclusion, the article reveals the main results as follows. Firstly, the catastrophe model is obviously better than the traditional linear and nonlinear model in explaining the CWB. Secondly, establishing a perfect organizational system and caring for the employees are two effec- tive ways to avoid the CWB. Applying psychological guidance has much more effects than improve organization situation on controlling the employees＇ CWB. Thirdly, under the same situational pressures, employees＇ different psychological state can cause entirely different behaviors, thus enterprise can significantly decreased the probability of the extremely CWB by controlling employees＇ psychological threshold. Finally, the staff psychological behavior＇s recovery has the effect of latency, and enterprise needs to make more endeavors in emergency repairs.