心理护理在骨科手术患者中的临床应用

Psychological Care in the Orthopaedic Surgery Patients the Clinical Application

目的为探讨心理护理方法在缓解骨科手术患者手术前后的焦虑、抑郁情绪,并进而降低患者的应激反应,促进康复中的作用。方法对骨科住院手术患者共500人随机分成干预组和对照组,对照组患者仅给予常规护理,干预组除常规护理外还给予三个阶段的心理护理干预,分别于术前1～2h和术后1d进行焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表的评定,并在出院时统计总住院费用和住院日数。结果术前干预组与对照组在焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表得分上均显示出显著的差异(P值分别为P<0.01,P<0.02),干预组的焦虑和抑郁程度明显较对照组轻;术后干预组与对照组的焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表得分较术前有明显下降,并同样在两组间有显著差异(P值分别为P<0.005,P<0.001);干预组和对照组在平均住院天数和平均住院费上同样存在显著性差异(P值分别为P<0.001,P<0.001),心理干预组的平均住院费用和平均住院日均低于对照组。结论心理护理对于减轻骨科手术患者术前术后的心理焦虑、抑郁情绪具有十分重要的作用,应在临床中加以应用和推广。

Objective To explore the psychological nursing methods in ease orthopaedic surgery patients before and after surgery of anxiety, depression, and then reduce the patients with stress reaction, stimulative rehabilitation in the role. Methods Orthopaedic surgery patients in hospital method of 500 people at random into intervention group and control group, and the control group limited to patients with conventional care, intervention group in addition to routine care to the three stages of psychological nursing intervention, respectively in the preoperative 1-2 hours and after one day for anxiety, depression self rating scale for the evaluation of the rating scale, and in the hospital statistics general hospital expenses and hospital stay. Results Before oPeration with a control group intervention in anxiety and depression self rating scale for self rating scale score in all showed a significant difference （P, respectively, in P〈0.01,P〈0.02）, intervention group anxiety and depression significantly better than the control group light; the degree Postoperative intervention with a control group of anxiety and depression self rating scale for self rating scale score a preoperative has dropped significantly, and also in there were significant differences between the two groups （P, respectively, in P〈0.005, P〈0.001）; Intervention group and control group in the average days in hospital and the same average hospitalization significantly （P, respectively, in P〈0.001, P〈0.001）, psychological intervention group average hospital expenses and average daily in lower than those of the control group. Conclusion Psychological care for reducing orthopaedic surgery patients of postoperative recovery psychological anxiety depression, have very important function, should be in clinical applications of and promotion.