社会企业的立法及其法律形式

Social Enterprise Legislation and Legal Form

自二十世纪九十年代以来,社会企业开始在全球兴起,部分欧美国家和韩国创制了新的法律形式,这股立法风潮已经形成世界性的影响;社会企业立法框架关键因素为：确保追求社会目标,促进参与经济活动、民主的治理结构,保障民间所有权;诸国由于历史传统、社会条件和对社会企业的理解不同,对于如何确定社会企业的新型法律形式,存在三种不同类型：合作社形式、公司形式、无特定法律形式;当下我国的社会企业,可以采取公司、福利企业、民办非企业单位等法律形式,国家在促进社会企业发展方面有两种方式可供选择：在公司的类别中增加社会企业组织类型,稳妥开展政府层面的社会企业认定工作。

Since 1990s, as social enterprises have begun to rise globally, some countries have created new legal forms and this legislative trend has had worldwide influences. The key factors of legal forms for social enterprises include： ensuring the pursuit of social goals, promoting economic participation, democratic governance and guaranteeing private ownership. Because various countries have different historical traditions, social conditions and understanding of social enterprises, regarding the definition of the new legal forms, there are 3 different orientations： cooperative form, company form and no specific legal form. China＇s social enterprise can take such forms as company, welfare enterprise, civilian-run non-enterprise unit, etc. In order to promote their development, there are 2 alternative ways： adding organization patterns to their category and properly carrying out the work of their certification at government level.