呼吸机相关性肺炎的目标性监测与分析

Target monitoring and analysis of ventilator-associated pneumonia

目的监测ICU患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的发生率,并分析其危险因素。方法采用目标性监测的方法,监测2010年1-12月ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎的感染情况,分析常见的危险因素和致病菌。结果共监测符合条件的ICU住院患者141例,发生VAP 45例,感染率为31.9%,日感染发生率为24.9‰;病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占79.1%,真菌次之,占14.5%;革兰阳性菌占6.4%。结论呼吸机相关性肺炎与多种危险因素有关,通过目标性监测,可以及时寻找感染的危险因素,降低VAP的发病率。

OBJECTIVE To monitor the incidence of ventilator--associated pneumonia （VAP） in ICU patients and analyze the risk factors. METHODS By the means of targeted surveillance, the patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010 were monitored, the common risk factors and pathogens were analyzed. RESULTS Among 141 inpatients in ICU totally investigated, 45 cases suffered from VAP, the infection rate was 31. 9%, the daily infection rate was 24. 9%; the predominant pathogens were gram-negative bacteria （79.1%）, followed by fungi （14. 5 %） and gram-positive bacteria （6.4 %）. CONCLUSION Ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with multiple risk factors, through targeted monitoring, it can find risk factors for infections in a timely manner, reducing the incidence of VAP.