气管切开术简史

A brief history of tracheotomy

气管切开（Ｔｒａｃｈｅｏｔｏｍｙ）是德国外科医师海斯特（Ｈｅｉｓｔｅｒ）于１７１８年引入的术语，此前的文献中为“支气管切开”（Ｂｒｏｎｃｈｏｔｏｍｙ）。１９３８年Ｎｅｇｕｓ建议用“气管造口术”（Ｔｒａｃｈｅｏｓｔｏｍｙ）。气管切开是古老的急诊手术，可上溯至公元前１世纪。直到 ２０世纪 ２０—３０年代，此手术才从单一的、万不得已时采用的救急办法，逐步完善成广泛应用的外科手术。

Tracheotomy was a term introduced by the German surgeon Heister in 1718. Other similar terms used before included bronchotomy and tracheostomy proposed by Negus in 1938. Being an old emergent operation, this operation can be traced back to the 1st century B. C. It was not until the 1920s-30s that this operation became a popularly applied and gradually Completed one rather than an emergent operation adopted when there were no other alternatives.