“5·12”特大地震灾民居住板房两年心理应激状况调查

Assessment on the mental health status of survivors living in the temporary settlements two years after “5·12” earthquake

目的了解"5.12"地震两年后江油、北川板房灾民的心理健康状况,为震后心理危机干预提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法从北川和江油两地区抽取560人为研究对象,采用创伤后应激障碍筛查量表平民版(posttraumatic stress disorder checklist-civilian version,PCL-C)、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quali-ty index,PSQI)、健康调查量表(the MOS item short from health survey,SF-36)以及自制社会人口学问卷进行入户调查。结果单因素分析结果显示:地震两年后板房灾民的创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)检出率为7.5%;北川灾民PTSD的检出率(12.4%)高于江油地区(4.7%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.001);女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P=0.020);丧偶组PCL-C均分相对较高,与未婚、在婚、离婚组间的差异无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示,地区、PSQI总分是PTSD发生的危险因素。结论地震两年后板房灾民的心理健康状况不容乐观,尤以受灾程度重、睡眠紊乱、女性、中老年灾民为主,加强社会、心理支持非常必要。

Objective To investigate the mental health status of survivors living in the temporary settlements two years after ＂5·12＂ earthquake and explore related factors,so as to provide scientific basis for intervention.Methods A random sample of 560 subjects who came from Beichuan and Jiangyou areas were investigated by adopting subscale of posttraumatic stress disorder checklist-civilian version（PCL-C）,the Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）,the short-form health survey questionnaire（SF-36） and social demographic questionnaire.Results One way variance analysis results showed that the prevalence of PTSD in this sample was 7.5 %,the rate of PTSD was 12.4 %in Beichuan area,which was significantly higher than Jiangyou area（4.7%）（P=0.001）.The score of PCL-C in women were significantly higher than men（P=0.020）.The score of PCL-C in the people who suffered from losing wife / husband was higher than others,but the differences were not significant.The Logistic regression showed that the worse area in earthquake and sleeping disorder were the risk factors of PTSD.Conclusions Two years after ＂5·12＂ earthquake,the mental health status was not optimistic,especially the worse area in the earthquake.So it is very necessary to enhance social and psychological support for them.Female,population with sleeping disorder and middle-aged people should be viewed as the priority of attention.