人为干扰对绵阳三江迁徙水鸟停歇的影响

Effects of human disturbance on migratory behavior of the water fowl in the Mianyang Three River

采用野外直接观察法和最小接近距离试验法对绵阳三江(涪江、安昌江和芙蓉溪)的迁徙水鸟的迁徙及人为干扰对水鸟停歇的影响进行了研究。结果表明,98%的水鸟在55 m或更小的距离上通过游走或惊飞对人类的活动做出反应。干扰类型为1人行走,2人行走,3人行走;1人奔跑,2人奔跑,3人奔跑对水鸟移动的距离、移动的次数以及水鸟对人类靠近的反应均具有一定的影响。人为干扰最小接近距离试验结果表明,水鸟的反应距离是30～60 m。干扰人数为1人时的最小接近距离小于2人和3人,2人小于3人,干扰类型为行走时最小接近距离小于奔跑。记录不同停歇地水鸟的觅食、规避时间,结果为在人为干扰下,水鸟的觅食时间显著减少。

Studies on effects of human activity on the migratory behavior of the water fowl were conducted using methods of direct wild observation and human disturbance experiment in the Three rivers of Mianyang （ Fu Rive, Anchang River and Furong Stream） from October 2005 to April 2007. Results show that 98% of water birds responded to human disturbances at the distance of 35 m or less by either running or flying. The types of human disturbance were designed as walking or run- ning alone, by two people or three people. Number of persons and type of human activities had significant effects on their distance from the four, duration of migratory behavior, and on person＇ s nearness respectively. Results of human disturbance experiment indicated that the distances of water fowl responding to human were 30 - 60 m. The minimal approach distance to one person was smaller than that to two or three, the distance on two was also smaller than on three ones. The minimal approach distance to walking was smaller than to running. Results of foraging and evading time show that the time of for a- ging was significantly shorter by human-disturbance.