我国极轨气象卫星的发展

Development of China Polar Orbiting Meterological Satellite

介绍了我国极轨气象卫星的现况。提出了由风云三号(FY-3)上午星、下午星和降水测量卫星组成的我国极轨气象卫星对地观测网构想,给出了三种卫星的主要仪器性能指标。讨论了多载荷综合观测,利用微波波段实现全天候探测,提高光谱分辨率,提高空间分辨率,提高仪器的灵敏度、定标精度,发展无线电(GPS)掩星探测,以及发展主动遥感等极轨气象卫星发展趋势。对我国极轨气象卫星的发展给出了气象卫星向对地综合观测发展、遥感探测技术向"四高两全一多"发展、探测方式向主动与被动结合方向发展、遥感应用向高精度定量化发展、发展专用卫星或小卫星阵列等建议。分析了转动部件与太阳阵耦合抑制、高指向精度高稳定度姿态控制、高数据率数据传输、颤振对高光谱成像质量的影响分析及减振、主动微波及可见、红外、紫外谱段高精度地面及在轨定标等实现我国极轨气象卫星发展的关键技术。

The present statement of the polar orbiting meteorological satellite in China was introduced in this paper. The scheme of earth observation net composed by FY-3 morning satellite, afternoon satellite and raining detecting satellite was proposed. The main performances of the major instruments for the three satellites were given out. The development trend of the polar orbiting meteorological satellite such as the multi-payload observation, all- weather detection implementing with microwave band, improving spectrum resolution, improving the instrument sensibility and calibration precision, developing radio （GPS） occultation detection, and developing active remote sensing were discussed. The suggestions for China polar orbiting meteorological satellite development, which were earth integrated observation for meteorological satellite, high space resolution, high time resolution, high spectrum resolution, high radiation accuracy and global, all-weather and multi-band observation for remote sensing technology, active and passive detection integrating, high precision and quantitative for remote sensing application, and special satellite or small satellite array, were put forward. The key technologies to realize China polar orbiting meteorological satellite such as the coupling suppression of the rotational part and solar array, attitude control with high directional precision and high stability, data transmit with high data ratio, influence analysis of flutter on high spectrum imaging quality and vibration damping, high accuracy ground calibration and in-orbit calibration of active microwave, visual, infrared and ultraviolet band were also discussed.