高炉炉缸长寿与事故处理

Prolongation of Hearth Campaign Life and Treatment of Accidents

延长高炉寿命、提高单炉产量、降低燃料比是推动当代炼铁技术进步的主要动力。高炉使用铜冷却壁后,高炉寿命的限制性环节逐渐从炉身下部、炉腰、炉腹等高热负荷区域转向炉缸。通过对炉缸温度场、流场以及灌浆过程应力分布的模拟,系统研究了近年来国内外连续发生的多起炉缸炉底烧穿事故,结果表明:铁口两侧下方300～500mm是铁水冲刷最严重的部位;炉缸结构不合理、冷却系统不匹配、耐火材料质量差以及炉缸监测缺失是影响炉缸寿命的主要因素;减小灌浆压力及灌浆面积有利于减小砖衬热面的应力。此外对炉缸烧穿后的挖补给出了操作指导。

Prolonging compaign life of BF,improving production of single BF and decreasing fuel ratio are the major driving force for technological progress of iron making.After copper staves were equipped on the blast furnace,the bottleneck of campaign life of BF was transferred from high heat flux zones of lower shaft,waist and belly to hearth and bottom.Through the simulations of temperature,velocity and stress distribution,several accidents of hearth breakout were investigated.The result shows： the most serious parts eroded by hot metal are located on both sides of the tap hole and 300-500 mm beneath the tap hole.Unreasonable hearth structure,unfit cooling system,low quality refractory and lack of monitoring are the major factors that affect the campaign life of hearth.Reducing pressure and injection area are benefit for decreasing stress on hot face of bricks.Moreover,aiming at rapid repairing after breakout,the operating advice was presented.