伽达默尔理解的主体性思想探析

On Thought of Subjectivity in Gadamer's Understanding Theory

主体性是哲学史上的一个古老而常新的问题,从某种意义上说,整个西方哲学史就是一部关于人的主体性的发展史。在施莱尔马赫与狄尔泰的方论诠释学那里存在着一种主体性的悖谬,即一方面贬抑读者的主体性以求重构作者的原意,另一方面又主张充分发挥读者的主体性以比作者更好地理解作者。伽达默尔的哲学解释学在解决上述悖谬的过程中提出了其对主体性问题的解决方案:理解的主体性寓于理解的历史性之中,理解的主体性是一种交互性的主体性,理解的主体性与客观性之间保持着一种必要的张力,由此真正解决了理解过程中主体性的合法性问题。

Subjectivity is an old but often new issue in the history of philosophy. In a sense, the whole history of western philosophy is one of development of man＇s subjectivity. But there is a paradox on subjectivity in Schleiermacher and Dilthey＇s hermeneutics, that is, on the one hand they depreciate reader＇s subjectivity in order to reconstruct the author＇s intent, on the other hand they advocate making full use of reader＇s subjectivity for a better understanding than the author. Gadamer＇s philosophical hermeneutics proposes his solution to the problem of subjectivity in the process of solving the paradox. To make it specific, subjectivity in understanding resides in the historical understanding and as an interactive subjectivity, subjectivity of understanding forms a necessary kind of tension with objectivity of understanding. By doing so, legitimacy of subjectivity in understanding has been solved in a real sense.