河南省小麦根腐线虫病的发生危害及病原鉴定

Occurrence,damage and pathogen identification of wheat root lesion nematode disease in Henan Province

为明确河南省小麦根腐线虫病的发生危害情况及其病原线虫种类,对14个县(市)45个采样点小麦根腐线虫进行了分离调查,分别通过人工接种测定其致病性和杀线剂处理研究其危害性,并采用形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定其病原。结果显示:小麦根腐线虫在河南省的分布具有一定的区域性,中北部的10个县(市)34个沙质土壤采样点均分离出小麦根腐线虫,而在南部土壤粘重地区的小麦根内和土壤中均没有分离出根腐线虫;15%涕灭威颗粒剂处理土壤后小麦的穗粒数、千粒重和单位面积产量较对照明显上升,产量增加13.6%;该线虫能够侵染小麦,并明显抑制小麦生长;河南省小麦根腐线虫以敏捷短体线虫Pratylenchus agilis为主。

In the present study, 45 sampling points from 14 counties were investigated in order to deter- mine the occurrence and pathogen of root rot of wheat in Henan Province. The pathogenicity, damage and pathogen of the disease were studied using artificial inoculation, nematocide treatment, morphological and molecular biological identifications, respectively. The results showed that wheat root rot nematode distri- bution in Henan Province is region-dependent. The pathogen was successfully isolated from 34 sampling spots of 10 counties, located at north-central region of Henan with sandy soil. In contrast, none of patho- gen was isolated from both wheat roots and soil in southern area of Henan with sticky heavy soil. After al- dicarb treatment, the grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight and yield of wheat were significantly increased compared to untreated control. The pathogenicity assay of isolated nematodes found that the nematode can infect wheat and inhibit plant growth significantly. Pratylenchus agilis was the major patho- gen of wheat root rot nematode in Henan Province.