双氟磺草胺的除草活性及对不同小麦品种的安全性评价

Evaluation of herbicidal activity of florasulam and its safety to various wheat varieties

双氟磺草胺为三唑并嘧啶磺酰胺类除草剂,为了明确其在我国北方麦田的应用前景,采用室内生测法研究双氟磺草胺的杀草谱、除草活性及对不同小麦品种安全性。双氟磺草胺对麦田常见阔叶杂草活性较高,对麦田恶性杂草播娘蒿、麦瓶草、麦家公、猪殃殃和荠菜的除草活性均高于常用除草剂苯磺隆,毒力倍数分别为1.56、6.26、1.65、18.27和22.75。济南17和山优2号2种小麦对双氟磺草胺的耐药性分别为苯磺隆的2.57倍和11.66倍。双氟磺草胺在小麦与5种杂草之间的选择性指数(11.16～49.32)远优于苯磺隆。该除草剂对小麦苗期的株高及鲜重有抑制作用,且对不同小麦品种的影响差异显著,其中对临麦2号、济宁13及济南17的株高和鲜重抑制率相对较高,对潍麦8号、山农6号及泰山9818等相对较低。研究表明双氟磺草胺具有很好的应用前景。

In order to demonstrate the application value of florasulam in wheat field in northern China, the spectrum of weed control, herbicidal activity and the safety to common various wheat varieties of flo- rasulam which belonged to triazolo [ 1, 5-c ] pyrimidine-2-sulfonanilide herbicides were studied in the la- boratory. The results indicated that florasulam had a wonderful herbicidal activity to common broadleaf weeds in wheat field~ and there was higher biological activity against Descurainia sophia, Silene conoidea, Lithospermum arvense, Galium aparine and Capsella bursa-pastoris than tribenuron-methyl with the activity ratio of 1.56, 6.26, 1.65, 18.27 and 22.75. The tolerance of Jinan 17 and Shanyou 2 to florasulam were 2.57 and 11.66 times more than tribenuron-methyl respectively. There was better selectivity to flo- rasulam between wheat and weed （selectivity index 11.16 -49.32） than tribenuron-methyl. In seedling stage, plant length and fresh weight were inhibited when wheat was treated with florasulam and the inhibi- tion to various wheat varieties was significantly different, the inhibition ratio to Linmai 2, Jining 13 and Jinan 17 was relatively higher and the lower was Weimai 8, Shannong 6 and Taishan 9818. In conclusion, florasulam has an excellent application prospect.