上下游企业研发费用分担与一体化的比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Cost Sharing and Vertical Integration between Upsteam Firms and Downstream Firms

比较分析上下游企业合作研发的费用分担与一体化的个体效益与社会效益,与横向企业研发合作的信息共享形式不同,上下游企业之间研发合作的基本形式是费用分担。建立了一个上游垄断企业和两个下游企业的产业组织理论模型,其中下游企业进行成本降低型生产技术的研究与开发,上游企业有两种选择:一是分担其中一个下游企业的研发费用或是进行纵向并购实现一体化。通过比较上下游研发费用分担与上下游纵向一体化两种情况下的企业利润之和以及全社会研发水平等总体效益,判断上游企业是应该选择纵向并购还是选择分担下游企业的研发费用,以及政府对两种情况下全社会总的研发水平变化进行分析,确定哪种情况下更能改进总的社会福利水平,对于类似的企业纵向并购行为应该鼓励还是限制。

This paper studies the cost sharing of cooperation R＆D between upsteam firms and downstream firms. Unlike the information sharing of horizontal cooperation, the basic form of vertical cooperation is cost sharing. For a simple market structure that includes of two downstream enterprises and a monopoly upstream enterprise, downstream firms choose their level of cost-reducing R＆D. The upstream firm has two choices： sharing one downstream firm＇ s R＆D costs or vertical integration. The total profits under cost sharing R＆D and vertical integration were compared. Through examining the changes of total R＆D level under two cases, this study clarifies under which case can improve the level of social welfare can be improved. This study provides reference for a decision-making of cooperation R＆D firms.