藏药材常用品种及质量标准现状调查分析研究

Actuality investigation on general crude drugs and its quality standard of Tibetan medicine

目的:为藏药材的标准化工作提供参考。方法:以《中国药典》、《部颁标准.藏药分册》、《藏药标准》及有关藏药专著文献为依据,对文献中收载的制剂及藏、青、甘、川、滇藏区藏医医疗机构、藏药制药企业实际生产使用的院内制剂、藏成药制剂等进行调查,对制剂处方中药材的品种、基原及其标准状况进行统计分析。结果:上述标准和专著中收载的439个制剂、所调查的40家藏医医疗机构和藏药制药企业反馈的711个医院制剂和藏成药制剂处方中使用的药材共约502个品种,使用制剂数在10个以上的药材品种约154个,绝大多数为藏药特有品种;约416个药材品种有基原的文献记载依据,包括植物药287个、动物药78个、矿物药51个,共涉及到基原植物94科261属643种(含种下等级),基原动物35科52属61种(含种下等级);中医与藏医交叉使用的药材品种约122个,约80%的藏药材品种均产自于青藏高原藏区;约293个药材品种在上述标准中有收载,除《中国药典》(2010年版)中作为藏药材收载的8个品种外,绝大多数品种的标准仅有【性状】、【鉴别】或【检查】项。结论:藏药标准工作应以常用藏药材品种为重点,特别应加强品种及其基原的调查整理、物质基础研究与民族医药术语的规范化整理工作。

Objective： To provide a reference for the standardization of Tibetan medicine. Method： Investigating the hospital preparations , Tibetan formulated products, and the literature recorded preparations in the Tibetan, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces. Moreover, the varieties, original bases and standard conditions of these preparations were analyzed. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Tibetan medicine part of ministerial standard, Tibetan medicine standards and related monographs and literatures of Tibetan medicine. Result： About 502 various of herbs were used in 711 hospital preparations from 40 medical institutions, Tibetan formulated products from Tibetan pharmaceutical factories, and 439 literature recorded preparations. About 154 herbs were used in more than 10 preparations, while most of them were Tibetan endemic species. About 416 medicinal varieties have the original docu- mented basis, including 287 botanicals, 78 animal medicines, 51 mineral medicines, involving a total of 94 families, 261 genus and 643 species of botanical origin （including species of the next grade）, 35 families, 52 genera and 61 species of the animal origin （including species of the next grade）. About 122 varieties of herbs were cross-used in the traditional Chinese medicine and Tibetan medicine, about 80% of Tibetan medicinal varieties are produced in the Tibetan Areas of Tibet Plateau. About 293 medicinal varieties were contained in the above standards. Most of the herb＇s standards only contains character, indentification, and examination, except for 8 varieties which were recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2010） as Tibetan medicine. Conclusion： This study of quality standard of Tibetan medicine should have an emphasis on the general varieties, especially the study on the arrangement research and the efficacious material basis of the varieties and the original, as well as term standardization of the National Medicine.