中国“十一五”期间煤炭进出口贸易分析

Analysis of import and export trade of coal during the 11th Five-Year-Plan in China

煤炭工业是我国经济发展最重要的能源基础产业。近年来,我国煤炭生产和消费位居世界第一位,但随着国内经济的发展,我国煤炭进口总体呈逐年增长趋势,2010年我国煤炭进口量达1.65亿t,已从煤炭出口大国迅速转变为煤炭进口大国。考虑到未来几年我国国内产能将逐步释放、运能亦将大幅提高,国内煤炭市场有效供应将明显增加,而此时煤炭出口国因产能扩大,优质煤种供应力与供应量增加,进口煤炭具有价格和质量优势,我国煤炭进口增长出口下降的形势是否可以持续,值得深入研究和分析。在新的国际形势下,研究我国煤炭进出口现状,总结煤炭进出口工作经验,研究能源国际化战略,对我国煤炭工业发展显得尤为重要。

The coal industry is believed to be one of the most important energy industries for Chinese economic development. In recent years, Chinas coal production and consumption both rank as number one in the world. As the domestic economy develops, China＇s coal imports are increasing each year. China, formerly a large coal exporting country, has transformed into a major coal importer. Coal imports have grown to 165 million tons in 2010. Over the next few years, Chings domestic production capacity and transport capacity will gradually improve. It is expected that this will significantly increase the domestic supply of coal. The current situation of increasing production capacity among international coal exporters will result in an increased supply of high-quality coal to world markets. There are price and quality advantages of import coal. This article examines the situation of Chings coal import growth and export decline. Based on the new international situation, it is important for Chinese coal producers to ana- lyze the current situation of coal imports and exports, summarize experiences of coal imports and exports and research international energy strategies.