糖尿病大鼠膀胱结构与功能的改变

The changes of bladder structure and function in diabetic rats

目的研究糖尿病大鼠膀胱结构与功能的改变及其病理基础。方法 8周龄雄性SD大鼠腹腔内注射1%链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠的动物模型,实验分为正常对照组和糖尿病组,后者采用STZ诱导,制备糖尿病模型。STZ诱导8周后将两组大鼠放入代谢笼中收集24 h尿量,随后进行在体充盈性膀胱测压检查评估膀胱功能。实验完毕后取膀胱组织标本,病理切片常规HE染色,光镜下观察膀胱逼尿肌病理组织学变化。结果与正常对照组比较,糖尿病组大鼠血糖明显升高,体重明显减轻,24 h尿量和膀胱湿重显著增加;充盈性膀胱测压检查结果显示糖尿病大鼠膀胱容量、单次排尿量和剩余尿量明显增加,收缩力代偿性升高,排尿效率显著降低;常规HE染色光镜下观察可见糖尿病组大鼠组膀胱逼尿肌肌束排列紊乱,结构松散,肌束断裂。结论糖尿病组大鼠早期即可出现膀胱逼尿肌形态学和功能的改变,提示对糖尿病性膀胱病患者应尽早积极治疗以控制病情进展。

Objective To study the changes of bladder structure and function in diabetic rats and its pathological basis. Methods Male Sprague - Dawley （ SD ） rats of eight - week - old were randomly assigned into normal control group （Group NC） and diabetic mellitus group （Group DM）. Diabetic rat model was established by single intraperitoneal injection of 1% streptozotocin （STZ）. The 24h -urine was obtained in all subjects at 8th week. Filling cystometry was subsequently taken to evaluate the bladder function. Bladder tissues were studied histologically after the experiment using light microscope. Results Compared with Group NC, significantly elevated blood glucose, 24h -urine output and blad- der weight, and reduced body weight were revealed in Group DM （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Also significantly increased bladder capaci- ty, single voiding volume, post -voiding volume and detrusor contractility with lower voiding efficiency were revealed in Group DM according to filling cystometry （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Furthermore, derangement, loosed structure and muscle bundle rupture were observed in detrusor muscle of diabetic rats. Conclusion The morphological and functional changes of blad- der detrusor muscles begin in early stage of STZ - induced diabetic rats, suggesting early treatment is necessary for patients with diabetes cystopathy.