呼吸机相关性肺炎的病原、诊断与预防

Ventilator associated pneumonia： pathogens, diagnosis and prevention

本文系统介绍了呼吸机相关性肺炎的易感因素与病原、不同年龄患儿的诊断标准，回顾了呼吸机相关性肺炎的捆绑式预防方案的每一项措施：抬高患儿床头、每日打断镇静和每日进行撤机试验、预防消化性溃疡病、预防深静脉血栓及每日用氯己定进行口腔护理。此外，还对近年新型气管内导管预防呼吸机相关性肺炎作了介绍。

The purpose of this article was to review the current knowledge base related to the risk factors, pathogens, diagnosis and to review and evaluate the strategies to reduce ventilator associated pneumo- nia （VAP） ,especially ventilator bundles for prevention of VAP which including elevation of the head of the bed, daily sedative interruption and dally assessment readiness of extubate, peptic ulcer disease prophylaxis, deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, daily oral care with chlorhexidine. This article also reviewed the role of new type endotracheal tube in reducing incidence of VAP.