“二重证据法”的界定及规则探析

An Exploration of the Definition and Rules of the “Double Evidence Method”

王国维的"二重证据法",从其"二重证明法"而来,主要是针对疑古思潮而发,讨论处于传说和史实之间的人物及其行事,有明确的对象性和时代性,相比其来源"二重证明法",范围要小很多。在"二重证据法"背后,有王国维重建古史,维护中华文明的理想。今人在谈论"二重证据法"时,往往将其扩大为"二重证明法",乃至滥用。由此引发的对于"二重证据法"的批评和怀疑,不足以动摇"二重证据法"本身的合理性。但这也应促使学界反思"二重证据法"的定义、学术理据及其规则、推论和局限。

Wang Guowei's 'double evidence method' originated from his 'double proof method'.It was mainly targeted on the 'Doubting Antiquity' school of thought which questioned the reliability of ancient texts.Used to discuss figures and activities that hover between legend and historical fact,the method has a clear subject matter and periodization(albeit with a smaller scope than its original source,the 'double proof method').Behind the 'double evidence method' lies Wang's ideal of reconstructing ancient Chinese history and maintaining Chinese civilization.However,when talking about the 'double evidence method',people today often expand it into the 'double proof method' and use it carelessly.Although criticism and doubts of the double evidence method arising from its abuse cannot shake the method's rationality,it should make academic circles reflect on its definition and academic justification as well as its rules,inferences and limitations.