半干旱栽培稻田不同秸秆覆盖材料的产量效应

Effects of different mulching materials on rice yield in transplanting field with semiarid cultivation method

采用田间观测的方法,分析了不同覆盖材料对半干旱栽培条件下杂交水稻田间茎蘖数、干物质积累和土壤水分的影响,探讨了不同覆盖材料的产量效应。结果表明：（1）在川西北丘陵旱区进行秸秆覆盖有利于增加非灌溉期田间土壤贮水量,提高田间茎蘖数;秸秆腐烂所释放的养分,缓解了稻田磷钾供应相对不足的现状,有效提高了杂交稻的结实率、有效穗数和千粒重;覆盖处理稻田0~0.5 m土层贮水量较不覆盖处理增加2%~13%,田间茎蘖数增加4%~15%,有效穗数增加4%~8%,结实率增加3%~7%,千粒重增加0.6%~1.7%。（2）在灌溉水源没有保证的丘陵旱区,将半干旱栽培与秸秆覆盖相结合,可有效提高杂交水稻产量。冈优725和D优363实收产量平均值在油菜荚壳覆盖、麦草覆盖和麦糠覆盖处理下分别较对照增加10.2%、7.0%和7.7%。

In order to study the effects of different straw materials on hybrid rice yield,we carried out a 3-year field experiment at the scientific research bases of SWUST.Based on the data from this experiment,we analyzed the impacts of different straw mulching materials on the number of stem and tillers,the accumulation of dry matter of rice and the soil water content in 0～0.5m soil layer.The results showed that：（1） Straw mulching was conducive to increase the soil water storage in 0～0.5 m soil layer during none irrigation period,therefore straw mulching promoted the increase of the number of stems and tillers in transplanting field.The nutrition,coming from the decomposition of straw mulch,relieved the nutrition shortage in rice field.Therefore,the seed setting rate,number of effective panicles and weight of 1000 grains all increased under straw mulching treatments,compared with that under no mulching treatment.Soil water storage in 0～0.5 m soil layer increased by 2%～3%,seed setting rate by 4%～15%,number of effective panicles by 4%～8%,weight of 1000 grains by 0.6%～1.7% under straw mulching treatments,compared with that under no mulching treatment.（2） Integrated with semiarid cultivation method,straw mulching method could significantly increase rice yield in transplanting field in the northwest region of Sichuan Province.The average yield of Gangyou 725 and Dyou 363 under mulching treatments with rapeseed husk,winter wheat husk and winter wheat straw increased by 10.2%,7.0% and 7.7% respectively,compared with that under no mulching treatment.