新中国成立以来内蒙古生态环境变迁个案研究——喀喇沁旗王爷府镇大富裕沟村生态环境变迁及其原因

Case Study of the Changes of Ecological environment in Inner Mongolia since New China——the Changes of Ecological environment and its Reasons at Dafuyugou Village

大富裕沟村位于内蒙古赤峰市西南部山区,20世纪40年代以前,这里植被茂密,生态环境较好。六七十年代,生态环境遭到严重破坏,村民的生产生活陷入困境。90年代以后,被破坏的生态环境得以逆转。该村生态环境由好变坏的原因:其一是人口增加超过了生态环境的承受极限,其二是传统的农牧业生产方式和相对应的生活方式在人口达到环境承受的极限后成为破坏环境的人类活动模式。该村生态环境由坏变好的原因:其一是计划生育政策和城镇化引发的人口大幅度减少,从而减轻了生态环境的压力;其二是现代化的生产和生活方式大大减少了人类活动对资源的索取,其三得益于70年代开始的对生态环境的不遗余力的保护政策和措施。

Dafuyugou Village is located in southwestern mountain region of Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia.Here the ecological environment was pretty good with lush vegetation before the 1940s.During the period of the 1960s and 1970s,the ecological environment had been severely damaged and the production and life of the villagers were in a difficult position.After the 1990s,the destroyed ecological environment had been reversed.Two reasons for the changes of Dafuyugou Village's ecological environment from bad to good are:one is the population increase goes beyond the tolerance limits of the ecological environment,the second is traditional agricultural production methods and the corresponding lifestyle become human activity models that damage the environment after the population reaches the environmental tolerance limits.Three reasons for the change of Dafuyugou Village's ecological environment from good to bad are:one is the family planning policy and urbanization cause substantial reduction in population,thus reducing pressure on the ecological environment;the second is the modernization of production and way of life greatly reduce the resource exaction from human activities,the third is the ecological environment protection policies and measures to ecological environment since the 1970s.