红壤坡地水土保持植物措施下柑橘林地水文生态效应

HYDRO-ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CITRUS LAND UNDER VEGETATION MEASURES OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION IN RED-SOIL SLOPE

根据江西水土保持生态科技园2001～2008年不同处理措施柑橘林地径流小区的降雨产流产沙的定位观测资料及2010年土壤含水量测试数据,分析了坡面尺度水土保持植物措施下柑橘林地的产流产沙及土壤水分的特征,研究了狗牙根带状覆盖、狗牙根全园覆盖、果园清耕3种措施下的蓄水保土效应。结果表明:有草被覆盖的柑橘林小区的产流产沙量明显小于柑橘清耕小区,狗牙根带状覆盖小区减流减沙效果最好,减流率为98.21%,减沙率为99.84%。在大部分土层深度,草被带状覆盖下的土壤水分含量最高,均大于清耕措施,而全园覆盖由于植物蒸腾耗水量大水分含量反而低于带状覆盖。条带植草是防治柑橘林地水土流失的有效措施,具有明显的减流减沙效应和蓄积水分作用。

Runoff and sediment characteristics of citrus land under vegetation measures were evaluated based on different standard runoff plots experiments from 2001 to 2008 in Jiangxi Provincial Soil and Water Con- servation Eco-science Park. Soil water conditions and their dynamics were also analyzed according to soil moisture data measured in 2010. Soil and water conservation benefits of bermudagrass （Cynodon dactylon） strip covered, bermudagrass full covered and orchard clean tillage were studied. Results showed that the a- mount of runoff and sediment of citrus plots covered with grass was less than that of clean tillage obvious- ly. The effects of bermudagrass strip covered was best, accounting 98.21 percent in reducing runoff and 99.84 percent in reducing sediment loss. In most soil depth,the soil moisture content of citrus land covered with grass strip was higest and higher than clean tillage measures;while the soil moisture of grass full cov- ered was lower than that of grass strip covered because of water consumption caused by plant transpira- tion. Grass strip was an effective measure for citrus woodland soil erosion control and played a significant role on runoff and sediment reduction and the accumulation of moisture.