郑州商城遗址出土商代陶板瓦的工艺研究

Study on Technology of the Ceramic Tiles from Ruined City of Shang Dynasty in Zhengzhou

分析了郑州商城遗址出土的一批距今约3 500a,时代为商代早期的陶质板瓦,讨论了这些板瓦的制作工艺和性能.对板瓦尺寸的测量表明,虽然板瓦的大小差异很大,其弦长和弧长却呈正相关.结合板瓦的外部特征,推断这些板瓦先由泥条盘筑法筑成泥圈,并经慢轮修整制成圆筒状坯体,然后经切割而成瓦坯,最后入窑焙烧而成.吸水率、抗折强度和烧成温度的分析表明,这些板瓦具有良好的工艺性能,完全符合一般意义上瓦的标准,表明我国在商代早期已经可以制作工艺性能较好的建筑用瓦.

Some flat ceramic tiles from ruined city of Shang dynasty in Zhengzhou were analyzed, and the making technique and technical quality of these tiles were discussed. The analysis of dimensions of these tiles reveals that there is a positive relation between the length of arc and the length of chord, though the dimensions of tiles are different. Considering the outer characters of these tiles, it is concluded that these tiles had complex production process. Firstly, the clay was made to a cylinder. Secondly, this clay cylinder was cut to several clay tiles. Finally, clay tiles were put into kiln and baked to earthen tiles. The analysis of water absorptivity, flexural strength and baking temperature of tiles reveal that these tiles have better technical quality than those of lots of bricks and tiles in other later historical and modern periods, and that the quality of these tiles were in accordance with the standard of tile absolutely.