字书新收字整理研究刍议

On the Reorganization and Research of the Newly Enrolled Chinese Characters in Dictionaries

汉字研究的材料可分为语篇文字和字书文字两种,对楷字字书所收汉字本身的进一步研究是楷字后期整理工作的主要内容。我国集成性的字书都是先转录前代字书中的已收字,再增补一些漏收或未收字,然后按既定原则整理加工后形成的。字书新收字整理研究的主要内容包括从字理和文献两个角度对新收字的形音义及其所关涉到的主要字际关系进行考辨,在此基础上再对新收字进行分类研究。字书新收字的整理研究,可以确定单个汉字产生、变异与消亡的具体情况,这对于科学"字史"体系的建立具有重要意义;可以进一步归纳和总结汉字造字理论;可以纠正大型字辞书的失误,沟通汉字字际关系,提供文献用例和收录依据。

The study materials of Chinese characters can be classified into discourse characters and dictionary characters. A further study on the enrolled characters in Kai character dictionaries is a primary content of Kai arrangement in later period. Most Chinese integrated dictionaries transcribed the enrolled characters from those of previous generation at first, then were supplemented with omissive characters, and finally were formed according to established principles. The study of the reorganization of newly enrolled characters （NEC） mainly includes explaining the shape, pronunciation and meaning of every NEC, as well as the main relationships between the characters concerned both from character principle and literature. And on the basis of which, a clarifying re- search on NEC is performed. Study on reorganization of NEC can determine the appearance, variation, and dis- appearance of a single Chinese character, which is of great significance to the establishment of scientific system of word history, contributes greatly to summarize the theory of Chinese character formation and helps to correct errors in large-scale dictionaries. It is also helpful to clarify the relationships among Chinese characters and provide literature cases and enrolling proofs.