芒果新品种比较试验

Comparative test on new mango varieties

【目的】对9个芒果品种的植株生长量、开花率和产量等进行比较,筛选出综合性状表现良好、适宜在南宁地区推广种植的芒果品种。【方法】以12年生紫花芒为砧木,采用高接换种法嫁接桂热芒71号、桂热芒302号、桂热芒284号、台农1号、帕拉英达芒、水英达芒、金煌芒、肯特芒和紫花芒等9个品种,对9个品种的株高、冠幅、茎围、开花率和产量等进行比较分析。【结果】桂热芒284号株高和冠幅均最大,分别为362.7cm和354.0cm,显著大于肯特芒和桂热芒302号,开花率和产量中等,分别为75.3%和17973.5kg/ha,均显著低于产量最高的肯特芒;桂热芒71号平均产量22235.4kg/ha,其株高、冠幅、茎围、开花率和产量与金煌芒相当,产量极显著高于最低产的台农1号,具有树形矮化、树姿开张、开花率中等、产量高等优点。【结论】桂热芒284号表现植株生长快、开花坐果率良好、产量稳定,桂热芒71号表现植株矮化、树势开张、开花和坐果率良好、产量高等优点,这两个品种可进一步进行生产性试验;帕拉英达芒、桂热芒302号两个品种的产量一般,可保留作进一步观察;水英达芒、台农1号两个品种产量较低,不宜在南宁地区发展种植。

[Objective]Increment, flowering rate, and yield of 9 mango varieties were compared in order to screen out elite mango cultivars suitable for extending in Nanning. [Method]Twelve-year-old Zihua mango trees were used as rootstock and 9 varieties （Guiremang 71, Guiremang 302, Guiremang 284, Tainong 1, Palayinda, Shuiyinda, Jinhuang, Kent, and Zihua） were top grafted. Plant height, crown size, stem girth, flowering rate and yield of the above-mentioned 9 varieties were tested and analyzed. [Result]Plant height （362.7 cm） and crown size （354.0 cm） in Guiremang 284, ranked the first, significantly higher than that in Kent and Guiremang 302, but its flowering rate （75.3%） and yield （17973.5 kg/ha） were moderate, significantly lower than that in Kent which had the highest yield. The average yield in Guiremang 71 was 22235.4 kg/ha, significantly higher than that in Tainong 1. Guiremang 71 owned equivalent plant height, crown size, stem girth and yield to Jinhuang. [Conclusion]Guiremang 284 grew fast, with high flowering and fruit setting rate and steady yield. Guiremang 71 displayed dwarf plant, expanding tree crown, high flowering and fruit setting rate, high yield as well. As a result, Guiremang 284 and Guiremang 71 should be further tested in mango production. Palayind and Guiremang 302 could be reserved for further observation because of their moderate yield. Shuiyinda and Tainong 1 with low yield were not suitable for planting and extending in Nanning.