PVA缩甲醛吸水海绵的制备与性能研究

Preparation and Performance Research of PVA Formaldehyde Absorbent Sponge

采用一步法发泡工艺制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)缩甲醛吸水海绵,借助孔径、密度、吸水率、吸水速率、保水率等表征测试,分析PVA吸水海绵结构与性能之间的构效关系,优化吸水海绵的配方和工艺参数。结果表明:采用30 g PVA溶液(PVA颗粒与水质量比为1 7∶)和5.0 mL甲醛反应作为交联体系,同时加入1.5 mL戊烷、5.0 mL硫酸和6.0 g淀粉辅助发泡,在室温下搅拌均匀后,放入40℃烘箱反应1 h,所得吸水海绵吸水性能最佳。SEM测试结果表明,此时泡孔相互连通,大小适中;密度、保水率等测试表明,海绵具有优良的表观特征、亲水性、锁水性。

By using one-step foaming method, PVA formaldehyde absorbent sponge was prepared, with characterization test of pore size, density, water absorption, water absorption rate, water retention, the structure-activity relationship between the structure and its properties of PVA absorbent sponge was analyzed, thus, the formula of water-absorbing sponge and technological parameters were optimized. The results showed that, using 30 g of PVA solution （ PVA particles and water mass ratio = 1：7 ） and 5 mL of formaldehyde as a crosslinking system, while adding 1.5 mL of pentane, 5.0 mL of sulfuric acid and 6. 0 g of starch inorder to assisting foaming, and putting into 40 ~C oven to react for 1 h after mixing evenly at room temperature, the absorbent performance of the absorbent sponge was the best. The SEM test results showed that the bubble hole connecting with each other with moderate size; the density and water retention rate test showed that sponge had excellent apparent characteristics, hydrophilie, water holding capacity.