航空生物燃料生产工艺研究进展

Advances in Aviation Biofuel Production Technology

航空生物燃料主要由链长为8～16的直链烷烃组成,具有较好的低温发动机启动性能及润滑性。对航空生物燃料的原料来源、生产过程(包括费托合成、加氢脱氧、快速热解及生物化学转化工艺)进行了综述。其中,费托合成及加氢脱氧工艺成功的关键在于催化剂的选择,随使用的催化剂和操作条件的不同,合成的产品也不同。Co基和Fe基催化剂是常用的费托合成催化剂,而Ni基催化剂因具有较高的加氢脱氧活性被广泛应用于加氢脱氧制备航空生物燃料。对生物燃料应用于航空领域所面临的问题进行了讨论,指出解决生物燃料原料供给、降低生产成本是促使航空生物燃料工业化的关键因素。

Aviation biofuel mainly consists of straight chain paraffin with chain length from 8 to 16 carbon atoms,which has better low temperature engine startup performance and higher lubricity than traditional aviation kerosene.The production techniques for the aviation biofuel have been analyzed,including Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,hydrodeoxygenation,fast pyrolysis and biochemical conversion.The choice of the appropriate catalysts is a key for the manufacture of biofuel by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or the hydrodeoxygenation process.When different catalysts and operation conditions are employed,synthesized products are different.Co-based and Fe-based catalysts are the main catalysts used in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process and Ni-based catalysts are the main catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation process due to their high activities.The unstable feedstock and high production cost are primary problems hindering the biofuel industrialization.