公共安全服务供给的可选择机制

Alternative mechanisms of public safety service delivery

公共安全需求的多样性,要求有多样化的公共安全服务供给机制与制度安排,即不同类型和层次的安全需求应通过不同途径得到满足。根据供给主体和运行方式的不同,结合公共安全服务的固有特征,公共安全服务领域存在三种基本提供机制:一是以政府公权力为运作方式、以实现公共安全利益为目的来提供公共安全服务的权威性模式;二是以营利性组织为主体,以市场交易的方式,并以营利为目的而提供公共安全服务的商业型模式;三是以非营利组织或公民个人为主体,以慈善帮助方式和以满足社会安全需要为目的而提供公共安全服务的志愿模式。三种机制都存在着各自的优缺点,在决策、执行、筹资、激励约束等四个方面存在着明显差异。在不完善的政府、市场及社会供给机制之间,较为明智的选择是建立一种有效的互惠协作的公共安全合作供给网络。

The diversity of public safety demand requires a variety of public safety service delivery mechanisms and institutional arrangements,different types and levels of security requirements should be established by different means.The supply is the main body and can be run in different ways,and combined with the inherent characteristics of public safety services.Three basic mechanisms in the field of public safety services are available： The first is authoritative mode that is in order to achieve the interests of public safety by government authority;The second is business model that is for-profit provision of public security services by the main market transactions;The third is voluntary mode that is to meet social security needs of public safety services by the non-profit organizations or individual citizens.Three mechanisms have their advantages and disadvantages,of which a clear difference exist in the four aspects of decision-making,implementation,financing,incentive and restraint.Between imperfect government,market and supply mechanism,the wiser choice is to establish an effective mutual.