试论美国内战后国会重建失败的必然性

On inevitable failure of American congressional radical reconstruction after the Civil War

美国内战后国会重建的失败有其必然性:以种族平等为特色的重建方案超越了当时白人所能接受和认可的范围,也与当时全球范围内的种族主义和殖民主义浪潮格格不入;由于南方白人强烈的种族主义意识,以及在人数、经济和武力上的巨大优势,重建政府在其进攻下根本无力自保;因军事力量的使用受到诸多掣肘,再加上联邦主义的束缚,对于南方各州重建政权的垮台,联邦政府鞭长莫及。

The failure of American congressional radical reconstruction after the Civil War was inevitable.The congressional reconstruction featuring racial equality was beyond the scope that the white could accept and was contrary to worldwide wave of racism and colonialism at that time.Due to racism and the great advantages at numbers,economy and arms of the southern whites,the radical state governments couldn’t last on their own resources.However,the federal government couldn’t offer enough protection owing to federalism and the constraints of using forces.