《朱子语类》中“把来”结构的词汇化及“把”“来”的语法化过程

Lexicalization of Bǎlái and Grammaticalization of bǎ and lái in Zhúzǐ Yǔlèi

《朱子语类》中的"把来"结构经历了一个词汇化以及构词要素语法化的过程。《朱子语类》中的"把"和"来"分别有"把1、把2、把3"和"来1、来2、来3"等等多个语义,而词汇化的"把来"结构却只有"把1来3"一种结构语义关系。"把来"形成的动因和机制是NP话题化以及"把1"与"来3"词汇化的结果。"把来"的动词性体现了"把"的动作义和"来"的趋向义的回归,体现了语言在句法演变过程中的稳定性和方向性。"把来"的形成表明,"把来"各要素的语法化与结构的词汇化是两个互相影响的不同进程。

The structure bǎlái in in Zhúzǐ Yǔlèi experiences the process of lexicalization and grammaticalization in the elements.bǎ and lái in Zhúzǐ Yǔlèi has muti-semantic of bǎ1,bǎ2,bǎ3 and lái1,lái2,lái3 while the lexicalization form bǎlái has a sole-structure semantic.bǎlái results in the topicalization of bǎlái and the lexicalization of bǎ1 and lái.Verbal quality of bǎlái manifests the return of verbal and movable meaning,appearing stable and directive performance in the syntactical change.The formation of bǎlái demonstrates the grammaticalization of the units differs from the lexicalization of the structures.