南京紫金山大型真菌的物种组成和生态特征

Species Composition and Ecological Characteristics of Macrofungi in Zijin Mountain,Nanjing

研究了南京紫金山大型真菌的区系成分和生态分布,以期为开展大型真菌在紫金山生态系统中的作用研究打下基础。通过2 a的实地调查,共获得大型真菌290种,分属于子囊菌和担子菌的49科120属。按所处植被环境划分,紫金山大型真菌可分为常绿-落叶阔叶混交林型、针阔混交林型、针叶林型、竹林型和灌丛荒地型;按营养类型划分,主要分为土生菌(151种)、木生菌(151种)、外生菌根菌(49种)和虫生菌(2种)等;按区系组成划分,可分为世界广布种(该分布种种数占总种数的比例为18.97%)、北温带分布种(36.89%)、北温带-澳大利亚分布种(13.45%)、温带-亚热带或热带分布种(7.59%)、欧亚大陆分布种(5.86%)、东亚-北美间断种(5.17%)、中国-日本共有种(2.07%)和中国特有种(10.00%)。

In order to lay down a solid basis for the study on ecological function of the macrofungi in the Zijin Mountain ecosystem,species composition and ecological characteristics of the macrofungi were investigated and analyzed.Through a two-year field investigation,a total of 290 species of macrofungi were recorded,belonging to 120 genera of 49 families.The habitats they were found in could be sorted into types of evergreen-deciduous broadleaf mix forest,coniferous-broadleaf mix forest,coniferous forest,bamboo groves,and shrubby wasteland.By trophic type,they could be grouped into lignicolous（151 species）,entomophilous（151 species）,and ectomycorrhizal（49 species）,and entomogenous species（2 species）.By floral composition,they could be classified into the following distribution types,i.e.Cosmopolitan（18.97%）,North Temperate（36.89%）,North Temperate-Australia（13.45%）,Temperate-subtropical or Tropical（7.59%）,Eurasian（5.86%）,Eastern Asia-North America（5.17%）,China-Japan（2.07%）,and China（10.00%）.