2Alvaro D, Crocetti E, Ferretti S, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma in Italy. Dig Liver Dis, 2010, 42: 490-495.
3Lazaridis KN. Cholangiocarcinoma: Epidemiology, risk factors and molecular pathogenesis. In: De Morrow S, Glaser S, Alpini G, et al, eds. Pathophysiology of the Intrahepatie Biliary Epithelium. Kerala, India= Transworld Research Network, 2008: 301-313.
4Tyson GL, El Serag HB. Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology, 2011, 54: 173-184.
5Fava G, Marzioni M, Benedetti A, et al. Molecular pathology of biliary tract cancers. Cancer Lett, 2007, 250: 155-167.
6Sandhu DS, Shire AM, Roberts LR. Epigenetic DNA hyper methylation in cholangiocarcinoma = potential roles in pathogenesis, diagnosis and identification of treatment targets.Liver Int, 2008, 28= 12-27.
7Kang YK, Kim WH, Jang JJ, et al. Expression of GI S modulators (p53, p16, p27, cyclin D1, Rb) and smad4/Dpc4 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hum Pathol, 2002, 33: 877-883.
8Melum E, Karlsen TH, Schrumpf E, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with NKG2D polymorphisms. Hepatology, 2008, 47:90-96.
9Tannapfel A, Benicke M, Katalinic A, et al. Frequency of p16 (INK4A) alterations and k-ras mutations in intrahepatie eholangiocarcinoma of the liver. Gut, 2000, 47: 721-727.
10Komori J, Marusawa H, Machimoto T, et al. Activation- induced cytidinedeaminase links bile duct inflammation to human cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology, 2008, 47: 888-896.
8Vetrone G, Ercolani G, Grazi GL, et al. Surgical therapy for hepatolithiasis., a Western experience. J Am Coil Surg, 2006,202:306-312.
9Nakeeb A, Lipsett PA, Lillemoe KD, et al. Biliary carcinoembryonic antigen levels are a marker for cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg, 1996, 171: 147-152.
10Chen CY, Shiesh SC, Tsao HC, et al. The assessment of biliary CA125, CA19-9 and CEA in diagnosing cholangioearcinoma-the influence of sampling time and hepatolithiasis. Hepatogastroenterology, 2002, 49 : 616- 620.
