抗寒甘蓝型油菜的初步选育

Primary Research on Breeding of Cold Resistant Brassica napus

为将白菜型油菜(Brassica rapa L.)中的抗寒性状转育到甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)中,以3个甘蓝型油菜品系为母本,4个抗寒白菜型油菜品种为父本配制杂交组合,研究了各杂交组合回交亲和性以及杂种的形态表现。结果表明:①甘白种间杂交亲和性较高,亲和指数最高的组合达3.42,最低为0.50;②杂交亲和性受双亲基因型的影响,且母本基因型对杂交亲和指数的影响大于父本基因型;③利用SSR鉴定真假杂种,真杂种叶片形态特征介于双亲之间,根系形态偏向于白菜型油菜,具有粗壮的主根而须根较少。通过测配可选出杂交亲和性较高的甘白组合,从而繁殖出较多的杂交及回交分离后代用于下一步的田间抗寒性鉴定和筛选。

To transfer the cold tolerance trait from Brassica rapa into B. napus, the cross and backcross compatibility among three B. napus lines and four B. rapa varieties with high cold resistance were preliminarily studied. The results showed that among these twelve crosses, the highest and lowest compatible index was 3.42 and 0.50, respectively. The interspecific com- patibility between B. napus and B. rapa was influenced by genotype of the parents; and B. napus, as the female parent, had larger effect on the cross compatibility than B. rapa. The true hybrid identified by SSR markers exhibited intermediate morphological traits of the parents except that it had stout axial roots similar to B. rapa. It was suggested that crosses with high compatibility could be screened out through broad testing so that more cross and backcross progenies could be obtained for cold resistance evaluation in the field.