流域生态需水研究体系和计算方法

The Research System and Calculation of Ecological Water Requirement of River Basin

流域生态需水研究是科学管理水资源的重要前提,近年来广受国内外关注。在定义流域生态需水的概念基础上,针对国内外生态需水研究现状,提出了包含四级的生态需水研究体系,从流域角度对比分析了水生态系统和旱地生态系统以及二者地下水系统的生态需水计算方法,认为流域生态需水尚需要在生态需水的内涵和研究内容、时空尺度效应、"三水"耦合关系、计算方法、非常规水资源利用、3S技术应用等方面开展深入和系统的研究,在适应现代水资源流域管理的理念基础上,完善生态需水研究的理论和技术体系。

The research of ecological water requirement （EWR） of river basin is an important prerequisite for the scientific management of water resources, and has been the research focus home and abroad in recent years. Based on the conception of EWR of river basin and review of the research of EWR, the four grades research system of EWR was proposed. The cal- culation methods of EWR between aquatic ecosystems, dryland ecosystems and groundwater ecosystems were compared from the aspect of basin. It was considered that meaning and content of EWR, spatial and temporal scale effects, the change of surface water-ground water-soil water, calculation methods, applications of nontraditional water resources and ＂3S＂ technology in EWR should be paid attention to in future research. And the theory and technology system of EWR would be improved based on the development of river basin management of water resources.