畜禽养殖业对抚仙湖水质污染调查

Investigation on Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution to Water Body in Fuxian Lake Basin

为保护抚仙湖的优良水质,对抚仙湖流域人和畜禽粪便的产生、利用及流失状况进行了专题调查。结果显示,流域内畜禽粪便产生量远远大于居民生活排放量,其中COD为居民排放量的6.1倍、TN为1.7倍,TP为3.3倍;与散养畜禽相比,规模化养殖产生的粪便利用率高、排放率和入湖率低;流域内人、畜禽粪便污染负荷入湖量COD、TN、TP分别占陆地面源污染入湖总量的52.9%、41.7%、42.9%;粪便资源化利用率低下,化肥与人畜肥的施用比例由20世纪70年代的1∶9上升到目前的8∶2。因此,大幅提高粪便资源化利用率、减少化肥施用量是保护抚仙湖优良水质的重要途径。建议抚仙湖流域内建立家庭循环经济模式,发展有机农业。

To protect the Fuxian lake, the production, uitization and loss of night soil from human, poultry and animal in Fuxian lake basin was investigated. The results showed that the livestock and poultry manure production in the basin was much larger than residential emissions. Among them, the basin COD, TIN, and TP was respectively 6.1, 1.7 and 3.3 fold of the residential emissions. Compared to backyard livestock, large-scale farming had high utilization rate and low emission rate; the COD, TN, TP in the loss of livestock and poultry manure contributed to 52.9%, 41.7% and 42.9% of the total amount of non-point pollutants respectively. The resource utilization rate of night soil was low; and the ratio of fertilizer to applied night soil had raised from 1：9 in the 70s to the present 8：2. Thus, a substantial increase in fecal resource utilization, reduce in the amount of chemical fertilizer was important way to protect the excellent water quality of Fuxian lake; and it was sug- gested that circular agriculture and organic agriculture must be developed in Fuxian lake basin.