三峡库区生态变化流行性出血热对人群健康影响的调查分析

Effect of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever on Population Health by the Ecological Change in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

目的为掌握长江三峡库区蓄水运行后,自然生态发生变化,流行性出血热对库区人群健康的影响,并根据调查研究结果提出干预措施。方法在库区设立监测点,对生态及人群流行性出血热发病情况等进行流行病学调查。结果 2001-2011年对库区调查发现,库区平均鼠密度为1.40%,鼠平均带毒(流行性出血热病毒)率为3.10%,人群血清抗体平均阳性率为0.82%;监测点流行性出血热平均发病率0.09/10万,高于非监测区发病率(0.04/10万)。结论库区生态虽然发生了变化,但由于落实了灭鼠等防制措施,流行性出血热仍处于非流行期,该病对库区人群健康未产生较大影响,但仍需继续对库区生态与流行性出血热进行监测,落实各项干预措施,确保库区人群健康。

Objective To investigate the effect of epidemic hemorrhagic fever （EHF） on population health in reservoir ar- ea after the water storage of Yangtze River Three Gorges by the change of natural ecology, and to put forward intervention mea- sures according to the investigation results. Methods Monitoring points were established in reservoir area. The ecology and population incidence of EHF were epidemiologically investigated. Results The investigation in reservoir area from 2001 to 2011 reflected that the average density of rats was 1.40%, the average virus- carrying rate （EI-IF virus） in rats was 3.10%, the average positive rate of serum antibody in the population was 0.82%, and the average morbidity of El-iF in the monitoring points was 0.09/100,000, which was higher than that in non monitoring points （0.04/100,000）. Conclusions Although the ecology of reservoir area is changed, EHF is still in non epidemic period due to implementing the preventive measures of de- ratization. The disease does not exert an influence on the population health in reservoir area. But more work is needed on moni- toring the ecology and EHF in reservoir area and implementing the intervention measures to ensure population health in reservoir area.