行政赔偿诉讼审判对象研究——基于行政法律关系的分析

Study on Adjudication Object of Administrative Compensation Litigation—— Based on Administrative Legal Relation

研讨行政赔偿诉讼审判对象兼具理论与实践价值。基于对行政赔偿诉讼中原、被告法律关系的分析可以发现,公民与行政机关间的权利—义务关系及其次生的行政赔偿法律关系是行政赔偿诉讼首要审判对象,在具体行政行为是免责要件时,行政机关与公民间的权力—责任关系则构成另一审判对象,先行处理决定则不是审判对象。这一界定不仅有助于我们重新认识行政赔偿诉讼的性质、法治逻辑、制度构造,还有助于我们重构其审判进程,合理安排具体行政行为的合法性审查。

It is of both theoretical and practical value to study the trial object of the administrative compensation litigation. Basing on the analysis of the legal relation of the plaintiff and the defendant in the administrative compensation litigation, it can be found that the right-and-obligation relation between citizens and the administrative body as well as its secondary administrative compensation legal relationship are the primary trial objects of the administrative compensation litigation. And when the specific administrative act consists of the premises of liability exemption, the power-and-responsibility relation between the administrative body and citizens, instead of the administrative deal first decision, becomes another trial object. This definition is helpful for us not only to re-recognize the nature, the legal logic and the system construction of the administrative compensation litigation but also to rebuild its trial process in order to arrange the legality review of the specific administrative act more reasonably.