欧洲整合背景下的德国行政程序变革

German Administrative Procedure Reform Under European Integration

伴随欧洲整合以及欧盟法的"同一化"趋势,德国行政法正历经重大变革。在这之中,行政程序堪称是受冲击最大的领域。传统的德国行政程序由于受到"程序仅具有辅助意义"的理念影响,处处体现出追求行政便宜和程序经济、弱化程序价值和相对人程序权利的趋向;而特别强调程序保障的欧盟法则通过直接有效性、优先适用性、同等程度的保护以及有效原则等多种机制,促使德国开始进行大范围的行政程序改革,这些变革内容包括行政公开原则的确立、对公民程序基本权利的承认以及加速行政许可的制度设计等。这些变革为德国行政法迎来了新的发展契机,它也同样为我们提供了绝佳的了解与观察法律整合的范例。

Along with the European integration and the united trend of U.N. laws, the German administrative law is enduring a great reform, in which the procedure is the most influenced field. Due to the theory of ＇procedure serving only the supporting role＇, former traditional German administrative procedure emphasized on cheap and concise procedure instead of procedural value and the procedural right of the party. However, the U.N. laws focus specially on procedural guarantee by mechanisms of direct validity, prior applicability, same degree protection principle, effectiveness principle, etc., promoting a wide range of administrative procedural reforms in Germany, including the establishment of the administrative openness principle, the recognition of citizens＇ fundamental procedural rights, the system design of administrative license acceleration, etc., all of which provide German administrative law with new development opportunities and China with a great case to learn and to observe law integration.