美国公立高校学生纪律处分程序制度及其启示——以加州大学伯克利分校为例

Procedural System for Student Disciplinary Sanction in American Public College and University and Its Enlightenment——Taking University of California Berkeley for Example

美国公立高校处分学生时有遵循正当程序的义务,各高校普遍建立了完善的学生纪律处分程序制度。处分过程保障当事学生与师生代表的参与,处分机构民主性与中立性强,行政色彩很淡。正当程序保护的重心是处分决定的最初作出过程,校内申诉作为救济手段只是用来"拾遗补缺",学生无正当理由不能提起。美国相关程序突出了学生权利保护的价值倾向,但并没有走向过于司法化,且关注学术违纪行为的特殊性,对我国高校有重要借鉴意义。

For obligation of due process, perfect student disciplinary sanction system is established in American colleges and universities. The process attaches great importance to participation of students facing sanction as well as teacher and student representatives, and the disciplinary body reflects strong democracy and neutrality instead of administrative color. The focus of due process protection is the original decision-making process while the internal appeal is only the complementary exception with due causes. This related process highlighting value orientation of students＇ right protection with no over jurisdiction and especially taking into consideration the special feature of academic disciplinary behavior, is of much beneficial reference meaning for China＇s universities.