火星探测器转移轨道的自主导航方法

Autonomous navigation method with high accuracy for cruise phase of Mars probe

本文针对转移轨道火星探测器对自主导航的迫切需求,提出了一种基于小行星和X射线脉冲星交互观测的自主导航方法,并结合工程任务对上述量测信息的获取方式和获取条件进行了研究,仿真结果表明,与单独基于小行星或单独基于X射线脉冲星观测的自主导航系统相比,该方法不仅可获得更高的导航精度,为转移轨道中途修正提供准确的轨道信息,且工程实现简单,是一种可行的转移轨道火星探测器自主导航方案,可为我国火星探测器自主导航系统的设计提供参考.

The high precision autonomous navigation is an urgent demand during the cruise phase of Mars probe. The paper outlines and reviews the navigation methods and their accuracies applied in interplanetary cruise phase, and introduces the practical issue that observing multiple navigation sources simultaneously is difficult in actual mission. In order to ensure the navigation accuracy and avoid the simultaneously observing difficulty, an autonomous navigation method based on information fusion by observing asteroid and X-ray pulsar star alternately is presented in this paper. After investigating the force model, the asteroid and X-ray pulsar measurement models and measurement processing, information fusion can be carried out after the asteroid and X-ray pulsar star are observed alternately and are mapped back to the same epoch. An analysis of the available measurement is studied, and the position and velocity of the probe is estimated using the asteroid navigation method, the pulsar navigation method and the asteroid/pulsar method in 2013 Mars Mission scenario. Simulations show the asteroid/pulsar navigation method achieves the best accuracy performance compared with either method alone, which can not only provide precise orbit determination information for trajectory control maneuvers, but also is easy to implement as well. The results demonstrate the method is feasible and effective during cruise phase of Mars probe, and it is particularly useful for autonomous navigation system design in the future deep space exploration.