5Bloom B S, Hastings J T, Madans G F. Handbook on Formative and Summative Evaluation of Student Learning [M]. New York: MacGraw - Hill. 1971.
6Atkin,J.M.,Black,P.,Coffey,J.Clossroom Assessment and the National Science Education Standards[M].Washington,DC:National Academy Press,2001:59-76.
7Black P.& Wiliam D.Assessment and Classroom Learning[J].Assessment in Education,1998,5 (1):7-74.
8Black P.& Wiliam D.Inside the black box:Raising standards through classroom assesment[J].Phi Delta Kappan,1998,80(2):139-148.
9Hein,G.& Price,S.Active assessment for active science[M].Portsmouth,NH:Heinemann,1994.
10Scriven,M.The Methodology of Evaluation[A].R.W.Tyler,R.M.Gagne,& M.Scriven.Perspectives of Curriculum Evaluation[C].Chicago IL:Rand McNally,1967:39-83.