工业企业女性外来务工者工作应激与心理健康关系的研究

Study on job stress and its relation with mental health among migrant female industrial workers

目的研究工业企业女性外来务工者工作应激与心理健康关系。方法采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法对深圳市光明新区1485名工业企业女性外来务工者进行心理问卷调查,问卷包括了症状自评量表(SCL-90)、工作应激量表(WSF)及自编一般情况调查表。结果女性外来务工者工作高应激者占40.4%,其中人际关系高应激者占61.89%;工作应激总分与SCL-90总分(r=0.46,P<0.01)以及躯体化(r=0.41,P<0.01)、强迫(r=0.42,P<0.01)、人际关系敏感(r=0.41,P<0.01)、抑郁(r=0.43,P<0.01)、偏执(r=0.43,P<0.01)等因子相关系数在0.4以上;有明显心理健康问题者高应激情况占91.11%,而高应激者中有明显心理健康问题的仅占6.83%。结论工作应激与女性外来务工者的心理健康状况明显相关,研究提示高应激是女性外来务工者心理健康问题的必要条件但非充分条件。

Objective To investigate status of job stress, and examine its relation with mental health among migrant female industrial workers. Methods 1485 migrant female industrial workers in Guangming New District of Shenzhen City were recruited by stratified multistage cluster sampling method and tested with psychological questionnaire. Psychological questionnaire included Symptom Check List （SCL-90）, Work Stress Profile （WSP） and self-designed questionnaire about general information of participants. Results The incidence of high job stress in migrant female workers was 40. 4%, and incidence of high human relation stress among those people was 61.89%. The correlation coefficients of total scores of WSP correlated with total scores of SCL -90 （r =0. 46, P 〈0. 01 ）, scores of somatization （r =0. 41, P 〈0. 01 ）, obsession （ r = 0. 42, P 〈 0.01 ）, interpersonal sensitivity （r = 0. 41, P 〈 0. 01 ）, depression （ r = 0. 43, P 〈 0. 01 ）, par- anoid ideation （ r =0. 43, P 〈0. 01 ） were above 0. 4. 91.11% of female workers who had mental health problem had high job stress, while 6. 83% of workers who had high job stress had mental health problem. Conclusion Work stress obviously correlated with mental health problem among migrant female workers, and our study suggests that high stress is necessary condition of mental health problem but not sufficient condition.