基于单点观测的TSP与PM_(10)中铅的特性研究

Study on characteristics of lead in TSP and PM_(10) based on the observation at a single point

以西安市东二环互助路立交附近地区为对象,采用连续提取法和原子吸收光谱法研究大气TSP和PM10浓度及铅的化学形态,并进行相关性分析和生物有效性分析.结果表明,观测点处TSP和PM10质量浓度和Pb元素均污染严重.TSP中Pb元素主要存在于碳酸盐结合态中,与扬尘有关;PM10中Pb元素主要分布在可交换态和残渣态中,主要与人类的生产生活及工业生产有关.生物有效性系数显示,Pb元素对人体健康有潜在的威胁,TSP中Pb元素的生物有效性高于PM10,且非采暖期高于采暖期.Pb元素在PM10中较TSP相对富集,且TSP与PM10中Pb元素有可能遵循相同的迁移转化规律并且有相同的来源.

Taking the surrounding region Second Ring of Eastern Xi＇an as the study object, the lead forms and the atmospheric concentration of TSP and PM10 were analyzed by using Tessier＇s sequential extrac- tion method and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, correlation analysis, and the biologic effective- ness. The results showed that the pollution of TSP and PM10 at the observation points were seriously. Pb mainly existed in the carbonate bound form in TSP,it was concerned with dust;Pb mainly existed in the exchangeable speciation and residual speciation in PM10, it was concerned with the industrial production and human life. The biological availability coefficients showed that Pb could threaten potentially human health. The biological effectiveness in TSP was greater than in PM10,and the coefficients in the non-heat- ing period was greater than in the heating period. The element of Pb in PM10were richer than in TSP,the element of Pb in TSP and PM10 ,it＇s possible to follow the same migration and transformation,and they had the same source.